Volleyball

Category

Sports, Activities, Sporting Activities, Ball Sports, Recreation, Tourism

Message / Function

For notice in general and to indicate the possibility of playing volleyball

	Source	Description
	SVI	Human figure with ball above, net behind
	O'72	Human figure with ball above net indicated with two lines
*)	O'72	Human figure with ball above net indicated with two lines
	BS 8501:2002	Human figure spiking the ball, net indicated with two lines
	CNIS	Human figure spiking the ball, net indicated with a line
	Wien BfS	Human figure serving or spiking the ball
	O'21	Human figure serving or spiking the ball
	O'12	Human figure serving or spiking the ball
	O'64	Uper part of human figure after performing a forearm pass
	Shunzo Koya	Human figure performing a forearm pass
	O'88	Human figure performing a forearm pass
	Sagamihara	Human figure performing a forearm pass
	O'68	Ball above net
	ASR	Ball above net
	O'24	Volleyball, diagonally placed net, court details behind

Discussion

Pictograms found show many different aspects of playing Volleyball, like service, forearm pass, spike, etc., but also just the ball above the net.

Fiori (2008) examined a map symbol similar to the pictogram labeled *) on basis of a Comprehension Test, where 76.7 % of the responses were classified as correct. The answer Basketball also was found among the wrong interpretations. To ensure a clear differentiation from other sports it might be useful to show a move rather not occurring anywhere else, like the forearm pass for example. But one has to be careful: The pictogram labeled O'64 in the table above from the Summer Olympics Tokyo 1964 is not clear either. In the compilations of Modley & Myers (1976), Ota (1987), and Abdullah & Hübner (2006) this variant is presented as Volleyball, but in the book of Aicher & Krampen (1977) the same symbol can be found looking for Hammer Throw. And on the website The Olympic Design this pictogram is even labeled as Handball (retreived 2022-11-23), an obviously wrong attribution or classification. The other pictograms showing a human figure performing a forearm pass seem to be far less ambiguous.

Recommendations

We suggest to conduct a Comprehension Test with pictograms covering the basic concepts available to identify possible misinterpretations concerning other ball sports and to improve designs. On such a basis the best decision concerning a specific recommendation can be reached.

Tests of pictograms of referent Volleyball

Fiori, S. R. (2008): Mapas para o turismo e a interatividade - proposta teórica e prática. Tese de Doutorado - Depto. de Geografia, FFLCH-USP.